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Garolite material, commonly designated G-10, is a high-pressure fiberglass epoxy laminate prized for its blend of mechanical toughness, dimensional stability, electrical insulation, and chemical resistance. It is fabricated by stacking woven glass-cloth plies, impregnating them with epoxy resin, and then curing under heat and pressure to form rigid sheets. This process yields a lightweight yet durable composite used across electronics, industrial, aerospace, and maker domains.
Garolite G-10 is built from two primary components:
Woven Fiberglass Cloth: Typically a 7628-weave glass fabric that provides high tensile strength and crack resistance.
Epoxy Resin Matrix: A thermosetting epoxy that bonds the glass plies and cures into a hard, inert matrix.
During production, multiple glass-cloth layers are stacked, soaked in liquid epoxy, and pressed at pressures up to 2,000 psi and temperatures around 150–200 °C until the resin fully polymerizes. Finished sheets range from 0.5 mm to over 50 mm in thickness and can be cut or CNC-machined into final parts.
| Property | Crosswise | Lengthwise | Test Standard |
| Tensile Strength | 262 MPa (38 000 psi) | 310 MPa (45 000 psi) | ASTM D638 |
| Flexural Strength | 448 MPa (65 000 psi) | 517 MPa (75 000 psi) | ASTM D790 |
| Flexural Modulus | 16.5 GPa (2 400 ksi) | 18.6 GPa (2 700 ksi) | ASTM D790 |
| Compressive Strength | 448 MPa (65 000 psi) | — | ASTM D695 |
| Rockwell Hardness (M) | 110 | — | ASTM D785 |
| Izod Impact (notched) | ~6.4 J/cm | — | ASTM D256 |
| Density | 1.80 g/cm³ | — | ASTM D792 |
Maximum Service Temperature in air up to 140 °C, with continuous use typically limited to 120–130 °C before properties begin to decline.
Glass-Transition Temperature (Tg) around 130–140 °C, ensuring rigidity under elevated heat.
Low Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (~10–20 ×10⁻⁶ /°C) imparts excellent dimensional stability across temperature swings.
Dielectric Strength up to 19–32 kV/mm (depending on thickness), supporting high-voltage isolation.
Dielectric Constant ≈ 5.0 @ 1 MHz and Dissipation Factor ≈ 0.02, maintaining signal integrity in RF and high-frequency uses.
Moisture-Stable: Electrics remain reliable even under high-humidity or immersion conditions, with water uptake < 0.8 %.
G-10 resists a broad spectrum of oils, fuels, solvents, and dilute acids/bases without losing structural or electrical performance. However, UV exposure over long periods can slightly degrade the epoxy resin, so a protective coating is recommended for outdoor applications.
Terminal Boards and rotor insulation in motors and generators.
High-humidity test fixtures and printed-circuit substrates (pre-FR-4 era).
Wear pads, mounting boards, and precision guides in machining centers due to low friction and high wear resistance.
Access panels and engine-room components in marine environments for oil and moisture resilience.
Insulative panels and support structures where weight, flame-retardancy (via FR-4 variants), and mechanical integrity are critical.
Knife and firearm grips, prized for both aesthetics and grip texture.
3D-printer build plates, offering strong adhesion during printing and effortless release on cooling.
Laser-cut parts for robotics and electronics prototyping, combining precision with rigidity.
Tooling Wear: Glass fibers abrade cutters; employ carbide or diamond-coated end mills.
Dust Control: Cutting/grinding generates respirable glass/epoxy dust; use local exhaust and respiratory protection.
Coolant Use: Often minimized to prevent dust clumping; high-flow air blast and HEPA-filtered collectors are preferred.
NEMA LI 1 designation G-10 (unenhanced epoxy) versus FR-4 (flame-retardant epoxy).
MIL-I-24768 series and IEC 60893-3-1 EP GC 201 for cryogenic or aerospace variants.
Variations include G-10CR (cryogenic), G-11 (higher-temperature), and FR-5/6 grades.
By leveraging the balanced performance of Garolite Material from Fenhar New Material Co., Ltd.—a leading manufacturer of high-pressure fiberglass epoxy laminates—designers and fabricators enjoy a versatile composite that excels where strength, stability, and insulation converge. Originally developed as a printed-circuit-board substrate,Garolite G-10 now underpins everything from precision industrial components to high-end hobbyist crafts, thanks to its outstanding toughness, dimensional stability, and electrical performance.
